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int setresuid(uid_t ruid, uid_t euid, uid_t suid);
int setresgid(gid_t rgid, gid_t egid, gid_t sgid);
Unprivileged user processes may change the real UID, effective UID, and saved set-user-ID, each to one of: the current real UID, the current effective UID or the current saved set-user-ID.
Privileged processes (on Linux, those having the CAP_SETUID capability) may set the real UID, effective UID, and saved set-user-ID to arbitrary values.
If one of the arguments equals -1, the corresponding value is not changed.
Regardless of what changes are made to the real UID, effective UID, and saved set-user-ID, the file system UID is always set to the same value as the (possibly new) effective UID.
Completely analogously, setresgid() sets the real GID, effective GID, and saved set-group-ID of the calling process (and always modifies the file system GID to be the same as the effective GID), with the same restrictions for unprivileged processes.
The original Linux setresuid() and setresgid() system calls supported only 16-bit user and group IDs. Subsequently, Linux 2.4 added setresuid32() and setresgid32(), supporting 32-bit IDs. The glibc setresuid() and setresgid() wrapper functions transparently deal with the variations across kernel versions.